Tuesday, the Dow climbed 56.97 points (0.26%) to 21,865.37, the NASDAQ gained 18.87 points (0.30%) to finish at 6,301.89, and the S&P 500 closed 2.06 points (0.08%) higher at 2,446.30. The Russell 2000 increased by 1.46 (0.11%) to 1,383.68, and the Wilshire 5000 was up 5.99 points (0.02%) at 25,352.05.

ON THIS DATE: In 1645, American Indians and the Dutch made a peace treaty at New Amsterdam. New Amsterdam later became known as New York. In 1682, William Penn sailed from England and later established the colony of Pennsylvania in America. In 1780, General Benedict Arnold secretly promised to surrender the West Point fort to the British army. In 1862, the Confederates defeated Union forces at the second Battle of Bull Run in Manassas, Virginia. In 1945, General Douglas MacArthur set up Allied occupation headquarters in Japan. In 1960, a partial blockade was imposed on West Berlin by East Germany. In 1963, the “Hotline” between Moscow and Washington, D.C., went into operation. In 1965, Thurgood Marshall was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as a Supreme Court justice. Marshall was the first black justice to sit on the Supreme Court. In 1983, the space shuttle Challenger blasted off with Guion S. Bluford Jr. aboard. He was the first black American to travel in space. In 1984, U.S. President Ronald Reagan, and several others, were inducted into the Sportscasters Hall of Fame. In 1993, on CBS-TV “The Late Show with David Letterman” premiered. In 1994, the largest U.S. defense contractor was created when the Lockheed and Martin Marietta corporations agreed to a merger. In 1996, an expedition to raise part of the Titanic failed when the nylon lines being used to raise part of the hull snapped. In 2002, Conoco Inc. and Phillips Petroleum merged to create ConocoPhillips. The new company was the third largest integrated energy company and the second largest refining company in the U.S.