Changing Tax Treatment of 401(k)s Will Reduce Accounts

The changes could result in an average reduction in 401(k) account balances of between 6% and 22% at Social Security normal retirement age for workers currently ages 26 to 35, according to research by the Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI).   

The response—a combination of plan sponsor reaction and participant response—is strongly tied to plan size, with participants in smaller plans likely to experience deeper average reductions in 401(k) balances, according to EBRI’s baseline analysis. For plans with less than $10 million in assets, participant balances at Social Security’s normal retirement age for workers currently ages 26 to 35 could decline between 23% and 40%, depending on the size of the plan and income of the participant.   

EBRI’s report analyzes the response of both private-sector 401(k) plan sponsors and participants to a proposed scenario where the current tax treatment of employer and worker pre-tax contributions would be modified such that workers would have to pay federal taxes on these amounts currently, rather than on a deferred basis (as under current law), and participants would receive an 18% government match on all contributions.   

“Some analyses of recent proposals to change the tax preferences for employment-based 401(k) retirement programs have assumed status quo in plan design and contribution flows,” noted Jack VanDerhei, EBRI research director and author of the report. “Surveys of individual participants suggest, however, that some would decrease or even eliminate their contributions in response to these changes. Additionally, surveys of plan sponsors indicate that many would modify their plan design, or even terminate these plans.”