Measuring Financial Wellness Through Americans’ Rising Debt Burden

Consumer credit trends and household financial health help illustrate the backdrop against which companies are thinking about employee financial wellness. 

Measuring Financial Wellness Through Americans’ Rising Debt Burden

For many, financial wellness remains under pressure despite a resilient labor market and moderating inflation. Rising credit-card usage and increasing consumer bankruptcy filings point to a growing disconnect between income growth and household financial stability.

The data raise questions for plan sponsors, policymakers and financial wellness advocates about whether traditional measures of economic health are masking deeper vulnerabilities in Americans’ day-to-day financial lives.

Data collected by the Urban Institute and the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, presented below, offer a glimpse into the ways in which Americans are experiencing financial stress. 

Use of Credit Cards to Buy Groceries Is Growing

More working-age adults experienced repayment challenges when purchasing groceries
with a credit card in 2025 than in 2023.

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December 2023
December 2025
Used a credit card and always paid the full balance
33.4%
34.9%
Used a credit card and did not always paid the full balance but made the minimum payment
20.0
19.6%
Used a credit card and did not always make the minimum payment
7.1%
8.7%
The Urban Institute's Well-Being and Basic Needs Survey, December 2025.

Bankruptcy Cases Filed by State

Stress is Building

Bankruptcy cases commenced, terminated and pending in the 12-month periods ending March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2026.

2025
2026
Filed
529,080
591,850
Pending
663,622
713,833
Terminated
517,515
542,317
Bankruptcy Statistics Data Visualizations from the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts

Bankruptcy Cases Filed by Chapter

Chapter 7
369,702
Chapter 13
211,700
Chapter 11
9,941
Chapter 12
312
Chapter 15
193
Chapter 9
2
Bankruptcy Statistics Data Visualizations from the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts

Business and Nonbusiness Bankruptcy Cases Filed

Business Filings
4.4%
Nonbusiness Filings
95.6%
Bankruptcy Statistics Data Visualizations from the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts

 

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